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Child process does not terminate when the parent process is shut down
The child process is orphaned and a separate process called the init process becomes its parent.

Normally terminating a process: Calling return, exit
Abnormally : endprocess

usually a process will be terminated when it is getting completed(normally).
but there are some more situatons inwhich the process moves to the exit state without completion
they are:
1.when the parent process of this process is terminated ,this child process will be forced to terminate irrespective of its status of execution.
2.whenever a hardware problem (like power failure, memory reset etc.) the termination of process can occur.
there are two more situations but i'm not very much clear.

Normal Termination:
1) Normal program completion
2) By calling Abort(), exit()
Abnormal Termination:
1) Any signals like SIGSEGV, SIGABORT raised

A user process can terminate another user process by generating kill system call with signal numbers like 6, 11 etc.

There are eight ways for a process to terminate. Normal termination occurs in five ways:

1. Return from main

2. Calling exit

3. Calling _exit or _Exit

4. Return of the last thread from its start routine

5. Calling pthread_exit from the last thread

Abnormal termination occurs in three ways:

6. Calling abort

7. Receipt of a signal

8. Response of the last thread to a cancellation request

Reach behind the computer and yank the power cord.