CareerCup

Iterate over the array elements, and decode the type of the current element:
- if in the range of [0,127] then it's the first byte of a one byte character
- if in the range of [128,255] then it's the first byte of a two byte character. Move to the next array element, and mark it as the second byte of a two byte character.
Stop when the current pointer equals the pointer that we search for and report the type found.

Can you explain a bit, did not understand what you meant by- "two pointers are given, one points to the start of the and another points to somewhere else. "

This question is quite vague and I'm not sure if I got it right.
You have two pointers which point to some locations in the array.
Iterate over the array and find that locations.
Now you have four possibilities:

if ((p1 && p2) < 128) - there are two 'one byte' numbers 
if ((p1 && p2) >= 128) - there are two '2 byte' numbers - both pointers can point to first digit
if ((p1 >= 128 &&  p2 < 127) - there is one '2 byte' number - p1 is first digit
if ((p2 >= 128 &&  p1 < 127) - there is one '2 byte' number - p2 is first digit

>> one points to the start of the and...
I guess this should be "to the start of the array"

while (p1 < p2)
{
    if ((arr[p1] & 0x80) == 0)
    {
        p1 += 1;
    }
    else
    {
        p1 += 2;
    }
}

if (p1 == p2)
{
    if ((arr[p2] & 0x80) == 0)
    {
        // p2 points to a single-byte char: arr[p2]
    }
    else
    {
        // p2 points to a double-byte char: arr[p2], arr[p2+1]
    }
}
else
{
    // p2 points in the middle of a double-byte char.
}

Move the first pointer to just the byte before the second pointer.
Now check the value. If it's between 0 to 127 then either way it is the last byte. Hence if the second pointer is > 128 then it is the first byte of the two byte word else is the one byte word.
if the value of first pointer is >128 then the second pointer is definitely the second byte of the two byte word.