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1) It depends on the resource limits of the user.
2) It also depends on the availability of address space.

The maximum memory it can allocate is the size of heap memory available( the size varies with machines).

calloc-64k
malloc-128k

on unix/linux, "man ulimit" and search for the flag controlling heapsize (i think -d ? along with data segment )

i.e., the answer is that it is very much configurable (there are hard and soft limits, but that's just a detail)

It depends on OS. For 64-bit systems it is technically possible, on some machines/OS, to have a very large heap memory until your program thrashes, i.e., start paging since you have exceeded the RAM limit.
So theoretically I would say as large as you wish, but no point going (much) above RAM since everything will get slow.

1) It depends on the resource limits of the user.
2) It also depends on the availability of address space.

getrlimit?

Psst. Come closer.

How much do you want it to?

since malloc , calloc return pointers to the allocated memories, so logically it must be:
<2^16 for 16 bit and
<2^32 for 32 bit for both.

they can allocate maximum memory is equal to range of unsigned integer...