Microsoft Interview Question for Software Engineer / Developers






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of 1 vote

void PrintSpiral(int **a, int rowsStart, int rowsEnd, int colsStart, int colsEnd)
{
	if(rowsStart > rowsEnd && colsStart>colsEnd)
		return;

	// Print top row
	for(int i = colsStart ; i<=colsEnd; i++)
		cout<<a[rowsStart][i]<<" ";

	// If row start == row end then all the element got print in the previous loop 
	// no need to print any column so putting the breaking condition for columns
	if(rowsStart == rowsEnd)
		colsStart = colsEnd+1;

	// Top row is done so remove the top row
	rowsStart++;

	// Print right rows
	for(int i = rowsStart ; i<=rowsEnd; i++)
		cout<<a[i][colsEnd]<<" ";

	// If col start == col end then all the element got print in the previous loop 
	// no need to print any rows so putting the breaking condition for rows
	if(colsStart == colsEnd)
		rowsStart = rowsEnd+1;

	// Right most column is done so removing it
	colsEnd--;

	// Print Bottom row
	for(int i = colsEnd ; i>=colsStart; i--)
		cout<<a[rowsEnd][i]<<" ";

	// If row start == row end then all the element got print in the previous loop 
	// no need to print any column so putting the breaking condition for columns
	if(rowsStart == rowsEnd)
		colsStart = colsEnd+1;

	// Bottom row is done so removing it
	rowsEnd--;
	// Print Left Row
	for(int i = rowsEnd ; i>=rowsStart; i--)
		cout<<a[i][colsStart]<<" ";

	// If col start == col end then all the element got print in the previous loop 
	// no need to print any rows so putting the breaking condition for rows
	if(colsStart == colsEnd)
		rowsStart = rowsEnd+1;

	// left most column is done so removing it
	colsStart++;
	PrintSpiral(a, rowsStart, rowsEnd, colsStart, colsEnd);
}

- Paras February 26, 2011 | Flag Reply
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of 0 votes

Sorry for bad formatting.
The idea is.
1. Print the top row and then increment the rowStart by one.
2. Then Print the right most column and decrement the colsEnd by one.
3. Print the bottom row and decrement the rowsEnd by one
4. Print the left most column and increment the colsStart by 1.
5. Do this recursively.

I hv put extra check to for this algo to support rectangular matrix

Any feedback is welcome.

Thanks

- Paras February 26, 2011 | Flag
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int a[3][3] = {
					{1,2,3},
					{4,5,6},
					{7,8,9}
				};
	int m=3, n=3;
	for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
	{
		if(i%2)
			for(int j=n-1; j>=0; j--)
				cout << a[i][j] << " ";
		else
			for(int j=0; j<n; j++)
				cout << a[i][j] << " ";
		cout << endl;
	}

- Anonymous February 22, 2011 | Flag Reply
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0
of 0 votes

This is the right answer

- Anonymous March 06, 2011 | Flag
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of 0 vote

It will print in zig-zag manner.

A spiral is a curve which emanates from a central point, getting progressively farther away as it revolves around the point.

- sandygupta February 22, 2011 | Flag Reply
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0
of 0 vote

What does 2d spiral mean?

- Anonymous February 22, 2011 | Flag Reply
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0
of 0 votes

Spiral output for the sample in teh pgm
will be like
1 2 3 6 9 8 7 4 5

- Anonymous February 22, 2011 | Flag
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0
of 0 votes

Array not be square, can be rectangular as well.

- Anil February 22, 2011 | Flag
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0
of 0 votes

doesn't matter whether square OR not :

{12345}
{56789}
{!@#$%}

123459%$#@!5678

- PKT February 22, 2011 | Flag
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0
of 0 votes

it shud b like this:

11 
         10   12
       9   3    13  
      8  2   4   14
       7  1  5  15
          6    16
            17

- lasttroll February 23, 2011 | Flag
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of 0 vote

Here is my output for a sample run:

ARRAY: 

  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8 
  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16 
 17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24 
 25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32 
 33  34  35  36  37  38  39  40 
 41  42  43  44  45  46  47  48 
 49  50  51  52  53  54  55  56 
 57  58  59  60  61  62  63  64 
 65  66  67  68  69  70  71  72 
 73  74  75  76  77  78  79  80 

SPIRAL: 

                      57
                   56      58
                55      31      59
             54      30      32      60
          53      29      13      33      61
       52      28      12      14      34      62
    51      27      11      03      15      35      63
  50      26      10      02      04      16      36      64
    49      25      09      01      05      17      37      65
  80      48      24      08      06      18      38      66
    79      47      23      07      19      39      67
       78      46      22      20      40      68
          77      45      21      41      69
             76      44      42      70
                75      43      71
                   74      72
                      73

And for the interested, the code (It's messy):

// SpiralArray.c
// (c) souravgh@usc.edu
// Sun Feb 27 1130
// Prints a 2D array spirally.
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>

using namespace std;

#define RowsInt 10
#define ColsInt 8

typedef struct {
  int xPosInt;
  int yPosInt;
  int noInt;
} Point;

#define ExchangePoints(p1, p2) {\
  Point tempPoint = p1;\
  p1 = p2;	       \
  p2 = tempPoint;      \
  }

enum Direction {LeftUp, RightUp, RightDown, LeftDown};

void updateXY (int *xIntPtr, int *yIntPtr, Direction direction) {
  int xDxInt = (direction == LeftUp || direction == LeftDown) ? -1 : 1;
  int yDyInt = (direction == LeftUp || direction == RightUp) ? -1 : 1;

  *xIntPtr += xDxInt;
  *yIntPtr += yDyInt;
}

void calculateSpiralCoords (Point *pointPtr, int sizeInt) {
  int lastXInt = 0, lastYInt = 0, countInt = 1;
  Direction dirsPtr[4] = {LeftUp, RightUp, RightDown, LeftDown};
  int currentDirectionInt = 0;

  // Calculate the x,y positions of the points
  // as if we are about to plot a 2D polygon graph.
  for (int indexInt = 0; indexInt < sizeInt; ) {
    for (int updateCountInt = 0; updateCountInt < countInt && indexInt < sizeInt; updateCountInt++) {
      pointPtr[indexInt].xPosInt = lastXInt;
      pointPtr[indexInt].yPosInt = lastYInt;

      updateXY (&lastXInt, &lastYInt, dirsPtr[currentDirectionInt]);
      indexInt++;
    }

    currentDirectionInt = (currentDirectionInt + 1) % 4;
    if (currentDirectionInt % 2 == 0) {
      countInt++;
    }
  }

  // Do some base offset additions to all points.
  // This brings all coordinates into +ve values.
  // This could have been done in the same loop above,
  // but enough was already being done there!
  int minXInt = 0, minYInt = 0;

  // Find the minimum x and y positions.
  for (int indexInt = 0; indexInt < sizeInt; indexInt++) {
    minXInt = (minXInt > pointPtr[indexInt].xPosInt) ? pointPtr[indexInt].xPosInt : minXInt;
    minYInt = (minYInt > pointPtr[indexInt].yPosInt) ? pointPtr[indexInt].yPosInt : minYInt;
  }

  // minXInt and minYInt are now 0 or -ve.
  // Offset all points.
  for (int indexInt = 0; indexInt < sizeInt; indexInt++) {
    pointPtr[indexInt].xPosInt -= minXInt;
    pointPtr[indexInt].yPosInt -= minYInt;
  }
}

void sortPoints (Point *pointPtr, int sizeInt) {
  // Do a simple bubble sort to sort the points.
  for (int iIndexInt = 0; iIndexInt < sizeInt; iIndexInt++) {
    for (int jIndexInt = 0; jIndexInt < sizeInt - iIndexInt - 1; jIndexInt++) {
      if (pointPtr[jIndexInt].yPosInt > pointPtr[jIndexInt + 1].yPosInt || 
	  (pointPtr[jIndexInt].yPosInt == pointPtr[jIndexInt + 1].yPosInt && 
	  pointPtr[jIndexInt].xPosInt > pointPtr[jIndexInt + 1].xPosInt)) {
	ExchangePoints (pointPtr[jIndexInt], pointPtr[jIndexInt + 1]);
      }
    }
  }
}

void plotPoints (Point *pointPtr, int sizeInt ,FILE *outFilePtr) {
  // First we space out the points along the X axis.
  for (int indexInt = 0; indexInt < sizeInt; indexInt++) {
    pointPtr[indexInt].xPosInt *= 3;
  }

  for (int indexInt = 0; indexInt < sizeInt; ) {
    int currYInt = pointPtr[indexInt].yPosInt;
    int currXOffset = pointPtr[indexInt].xPosInt;

    fprintf (outFilePtr, "%*s", currXOffset, " ");

    for (; currYInt == pointPtr[indexInt].yPosInt && indexInt < sizeInt; indexInt++) {
      fprintf (outFilePtr, "%*s%02d", pointPtr[indexInt].xPosInt - currXOffset, " ", pointPtr[indexInt].noInt);
      currXOffset = pointPtr[indexInt].xPosInt;
    }
    fprintf (outFilePtr, "\n");
  }
}

void printSpiral (int arrIntPtrPtr[RowsInt][ColsInt]) {
  Point pointPtr[RowsInt * ColsInt];

  fprintf (stdout, "\nARRAY: \n\n");
  for (int yIndexInt = 0; yIndexInt < RowsInt; yIndexInt++) {
    for (int xIndexInt = 0; xIndexInt < ColsInt; xIndexInt++) {
      pointPtr[yIndexInt * ColsInt + xIndexInt].noInt = arrIntPtrPtr[yIndexInt][xIndexInt];
      fprintf (stdout, "%3d ", arrIntPtrPtr[yIndexInt][xIndexInt]);
    }
    fprintf (stdout, "\n");
  }
  fprintf (stdout, "\nSPIRAL: \n\n");

  // Calculate the spiral 2D coordinates.
  calculateSpiralCoords (pointPtr, RowsInt * ColsInt);

  // Sort the points by Y and break ties for same Y using X.
  sortPoints (pointPtr, RowsInt * ColsInt);

  // Plot points to stdout
  plotPoints (pointPtr, RowsInt * ColsInt, stdout);
}

int main (void) {
  int arrIntPtrPtr[RowsInt][ColsInt];

  for (int yIndexInt = 0; yIndexInt < RowsInt; yIndexInt++) {
    for (int xIndexInt = 0; xIndexInt < ColsInt; xIndexInt++) {
      // Increasing ints.
      arrIntPtrPtr[yIndexInt][xIndexInt] = yIndexInt * ColsInt + xIndexInt + 1;
    }
  }

  printSpiral (arrIntPtrPtr);

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

- souravghosh.btbg February 27, 2011 | Flag Reply
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of 0 vote

A tricky solution:
#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a[3][3] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};

int i = 0;
int j = 0;
int inc = 1;
for(;i<3;++i)
{
for(;(j<3 && j>-1);)
{
printf("%d ", a[i][j]);
j += inc;
}
j -= inc;
inc = -inc;
}
}

- Rahul March 15, 2011 | Flag Reply
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of 0 vote

#define ROW 5
#define COL 5

int arr[ROW][COL] = {
{1, 2, 3, 4, 9},
{12, 13, 14, 5, 2},
{11, 16, 15, 6, 23},
{10, 9, 8, 7, 56},
{34, 35, 36, 37, 78}
};

void printArrSpiral(int arr[][COL],int level,int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for(i = level; i < col-level; i++)
cout<<arr[level][i]<<" ";

for(i = level+1; i <= row-level-1; i++)
cout<<arr[i][col-level-1]<<" ";


if(row-level-1 > level)
{
for(i = col-level-2; i >= level; i--)
{
cout<<arr[row-level-1][i]<<" ";
}
}

if(col-level-1 > level)
{
for(i = row-level-2; i > level; i--)
cout<<arr[i][level]<<" ";
}

cout<<endl;
}

int main()
{
int row = ROW;
int col = COL;
int level = (row/2 <= col/2)?row/2:col/2;
for(int i = 0; i<= level; i++)
{
printArrSpiral(arr,i,ROW,COL);
}
return 0;
}

- Anonymous March 15, 2011 | Flag Reply
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of 0 vote

Also try this:

input: int[][] arr
output: print output
assumption: Array is not empty

void PrintArray(int[][] arr){
	int m = arr[0].Length;
	int n = arr.Length;
	for (int i=0;i<m;i++) print(arr[0][i]);
	int i = 1, step = n-i, x = m-1, y = 0;
	Direction dir = Direction.Down;
	while(step > 0){
		switch(dir){
			case Direction.Down:
				while(step -- > 0) print(arr[x][++y]);
				step = m-i; dir = Direction.Left;
				break;
			case Direction.Left:
				while(step -- > 0) print(arr[--x][y]);
				step = m-(++i); dir = Direction.Up;
				break;
			case Direction.Up:
				while(step -- > 0) print(arr[x][--y]);
				step = m-i; dir = Direction.Right;
				break;
			case Direction.Right:
				while(step -- > 0) print(arr[++x][y]);
				step = m-(++i); dir = Direction.Left;
				break;
		}
	}
}

enum Direction{
	Down,
	Left,
	Up,
	Right
}

- binrengoog March 28, 2011 | Flag Reply
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of 0 vote

<pre lang="" line="1" title="CodeMonkey25465" class="run-this">public class Matrix
{
private int[][] matrix;

public Matrix(int[][] inputMatrix)
{
matrix = inputMatrix;
}

public void PrintSpirally()
{
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.Length; i++)
{
int startIndex = 0;
int endIndex = matrix[i].Length - 1;
int increment = 1;

//zig zag; even rows go from left to right. odd rows go from right to left
if (i % 2 == 1)
{
increment = -1;
int temp = startIndex;
startIndex = endIndex;
endIndex = temp;
}

while (startIndex != endIndex)
{
Console.Write(matrix[i][startIndex] + ",");
startIndex += increment;
}
Console.Write(matrix[i][startIndex]);

Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}</pre><pre title="CodeMonkey25465" input="yes">
</pre>

- Anonymous November 20, 2011 | Flag Reply
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of 0 vote

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

void print_arr(int **ptr, int n)
{
cout << endl;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
cout << setw(2) << ptr[i][j] << " " ;
cout << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}

void printidown(int **ptr, int imin, int imax, int jmin, int jmax)
{
for(int i=imin;i<=imax; i++)
cout<< ptr[i][jmin] << " ";
}

void printiup(int **ptr, int imin, int imax, int jmin, int jmax)
{
for(int i=imax;i>=imin; i--)
cout<< ptr[i][jmax] << " ";
}

void printjright(int **ptr, int imin, int imax, int jmin, int jmax)
{
for(int j=jmin;j<=jmax; j++)
cout<< ptr[imax][j] << " ";
}

void printjleft(int **ptr, int imin, int imax, int jmin, int jmax)
{
for(int j=jmax;j>=jmin; j--)
cout<< ptr[imin][j] << " ";
}

void show_spiral(int **ptr, int n)
{
int imin=0, imax=n-1, jmin=0, jmax=n-1;
while(jmin >= 0 && jmax <= (n-1) && imin >= 0 && imax <= (n-1) && jmin <= jmax && imin <= imax)
{
// print the rows downwards
printidown(ptr, imin, imax, jmin, jmax);
jmin++;
// print the columns from left to right
printjright(ptr, imin, imax, jmin, jmax);
imax--;
// print the columns from left to right
printiup(ptr, imin, imax, jmin, jmax);
jmax--;
// print the columns from left to right
printjleft(ptr, imin, imax, jmin, jmax);
imin++;
}
cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
int n,k=1;
cout << " Enter value for n " << endl ;
cin >> n;
int **ptr = new int*[n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
ptr[i] = new int;

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
ptr[i][j]=k++;

cout << " Print the array : " << endl;
print_arr(ptr,n);
cout << " Print the array in spiral form : " << endl;
show_spiral(ptr,n);
return 0;
}

- Kunal Bansal April 08, 2016 | Flag Reply


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