CareerCup

The question is basically on trees
1
2 3
4 5 6 7

You can lock any node, Once the node is locked all the ancestors and descendents of that node are also locked. You cannot acquire a lock on a node which is already locked.

You can unlock the node on which you have acquired a lock.


Implement it using multithreading.

Given K sorted (ascending) arrays with N elements in each array, implement an iterator for iterating over the elements of the arrays in ascending order.

The constructor receives all of the input as array of arrays.

You need to implement the MyIterator class with a constructor and the following methods:

class MyIterator<T> {
	T next();
	boolean hasNext();
}

You are allowed to use only O(K) extra space with this class.

example:
input:

[[1,5,7], [2,3,10],[4,6,9]]

The iterator should return:

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10

Q. find the number of ways a string can be formed from a matrix of characters.
It can start forming a word from any position in mat[i][j] and can go in any unvisited direction from the 8 directions available across every cell [i][j].

sample case :

input:

N = 3 (length of string)
string = fit

matrix :
fitptoke
orliguek
ifefunef
tforitis

output: 5

explanation:
num of ways to make 'fit' from matrix chars are 5 as given below sequence:
(0,0) (0,1)(0,2)
(2,1) (2,0)(3,0)
(2,3) (1,3)(0,4)
(3,1) (2,0)(3,0)
(2,3) (3,4)(3,5)


How can we solve it efficiently without doing DFS across every position [i][j], which makes time complexity exponential?
Is there a better way possible in terms of time complexity? Maybe caching of values or something!

There is a 2D matrix of 0s and 1s that depicts the number of rooms that can be formed by a co-working space company like WeWork based on the values. 1 means open space for room and 0 means wall. We need to group as many 1s and possible to form the largest and minimum number of rooms.

E.g.
Number of Rows = 5, Number of Columns = 5
00010
01110
01100
01101
00011

Output: 4

Input 2:
4
3

001
111
011
100

Output: 4

Here is a question from the "Cracking The Coding Interview" book with a twist.

Implement a method to perform basic string compression using the counts of repeated characters. (p. 73 5th edition)

The twist: the string can also contain digits. Think of encoding and decode protocol. How the compression can be reversed properly?

For example, ab2ccccd -> ab24cd

Given a matrix, find all its combinations by row. For example,

[a, b, c]
[d, e, f]
[x, y, z]

its combinations are adx, ady, adz, bdx, …. cfy, cfz

Rearrange a LinkedList:

Before : a->x->b->y->c->z
After : a->b->c->z->y->x

A list of relation is given. We need to express the relation in a single line with the largest unit leftmost.
eg.
a = 10b
b=5c
c = 20a
e=20d

a=10b=25e=50c=500d

Given a list of 2d points, if any two points have distance(straight line) <= k , group them together. For example. [P1,P2,P3], P1 to P2 <=k, P2 to p3<=k, p1 to p3>k. they are still in the same group. (distance relationship is chainable ) ask how many groups can you find ? I can think of N^2 time complexity with union and find. but how to do better than that? maybe NlogN or O(N)?

Find the first N words with the highest frequency in an array of strings. The result needs to be sorted by frequency.

For example:

An array of String:

Inputs:

{"geeks", "for", "geeks", "a", "portal", "to", "learn", "can", "be", "computer", "science", "zoom", "yup", "fire", "in", "be", "data", "geeks"}

and the first 2 words with the highest frequency.

Outputs: {'geek", "be"}

where "geek" has a frequency of 3 and "be" has a frequency of 2.

Given someone's favorite songs (as a map) and a genre category (as a map as well). Find out this person's most favorite genre. For example,

"David": ["song1", "song2", "song3", "song4", "song8"],
"Emma": ["song5", "song6", "song7"]

and

"Rock": ["song1", "song3"],
"Dubstep": ["song7"],
"Techno": ["song2", "song4"],
"Pop": ["song5", "song6"],
"Jazz": ["song8", "song9"]

Output:

"David": "Rock"
"Emma": "Pop"

Given a list of a string which is a list of words separated by a space. Sort the list in the lexicographical order. For example, given the followings:

[act car]
[air dog]
[act zoo]

Result:

[act car]
[act zoo]
[air dog]

Was asked at GHCI Bangalore at their booth for a prize and perhaps hiring interns or experienced software developers.

Find the return value for N=100

int returnAns(int N){
int ans=0;
for(int i=0; i<N; i++){
for(int j=i+1; j<N; j++){
ans +=((i & -i) == (j & -j)?1:0); //the question missed the condition and was returning a boolean, so I added it myself
}
}
return ans;
}

My answer: 0 ; their answer: 1610, hence got it wrong.
My explanation: I assumed negative of i in binary to be
simply represented by setting the MSB to 1 e.g. for 8 bit representation of 3: +3 is 0000 0011 and -3 is 1000 0011. In the inner loop the value of ans will always evaluate to 0 since Bitwise & of these i and -i or j and -j will always result into i and j respectively. (undergrad computer organization concept.)
Negative numbers can also be represented as 1s and 2's complement and in all modern machines by architecture its 2s complement.
Now if we assume 1's complement, +3: 0000 0011 and -3: 1111 1100. so bitwise & of these two is 0 and so the value of ans will always be incremented by 1. By two loops 100+99+98+97+...+1 = 100*101/2 (i.e. n*(n+1)/2)
Then 2's complement, which is the most relevant representation of signed binary numbers.
Odd numbers:
+3: 0000 0011 -3: 1111 1101 Binary & is 0000 0001.
For all even numbers:
+4: 0000 0100 and -4: 1111 1011+0000 0001 = 1111 1100 and Bitwise & of 4 and -4 is 0000 0100 which is 4.
So, in the innermost loop ans is incremented by 1 when i is odd and j is also odd. ie. when i is 1, 3, 5, 7... 97 and j is 3, 5, 7, 9,...,99 ans is added 1(return value of true ==) when calculated it comes to 1610.

I was asked this during my onsite google interview but was unable to come up with an optimization for it. Here is the question:

There's a list of (x,y) points and a method getCircle with the following signature:

/**
* Given three points returns a circle (Radius, and center) such that all three points lie in its circumference
* or it returns null if no such circle is possible.
*/
Circle getCircle(point1, point2, point3);
getCircle method is already implemented and given to you as a black box. The problems asks you to find the Circle with most points in its perimeter.

The obvious answer is to get all possible triplets of points and find all possible circles and keep track of which one appears most often O(n^3) . Any ideas on how to further optimize this?

You have a table :
Rule1 Rule2 Rule3 Value
A1 B2 C3 40
A1 B1 C1 20
A2 B2 C2 10
A1 B1 C1 40
* B1 * 20
A5 B2 * 10

Now if I have a condition A1 && B2 && C3 i will get output as 40.
If I input A1 && B1 && C1 I will get two results 40 and 20 here there the rule is ambiguous.
"-" in table means any rule, 5th row matches with any row with B1 as rule2, so there is also ambiguity in result.

Now given that table as input (m * n) where n is number of available rules combination (here its 6) and m rules (3 in this case) , output if the table is ambiguous i.e it will output two different result for same query.

Giving a the following:

A list of a store items T={t_1, t_2,...,t_n}.

A list of prices of each item P={p_1, p_2,...,p_n}.

A list of quantities of each item Q={q_1, q_2,...,q_n}, respectively.

And total bill M.

Our goal is to find any possible list of items that its total value is equal to M using dynamic problem.

Write down a recursive solution.

Suppose two arrays are given A and B. A consists of integers and the second one consists of 0 and 1.
Now a operation is given - You can choose any adjacent bits in array B and you can toggle these two bits ( for example - 00->11, 01->10, 10->01, 11->00) and you can perform this operation any number of times.
The output should be the sum of A[0]*B[0]+A[1]*B[1]+....+A[N-1]*B[N-1] such that the sum is maximum

During the interview, my approach to this problem was to get the maximum number of 1's in array B in order to maximize the sum.
So to do that , I first calculated the total number of 1's in O(n) time in B. Let count = No. Of 1's=x
Then I started traversing the array and toggle only if count becomes greater than x or based on the elements of array A(for example : Let B[i]=0 and B[i+1]=1 & A[i]=51 and A[i+1]=50
So I will toggle B[i] B[i+1] because A[i]>A[i+1])

But the interviewer was not quite satisfied with my approach and was asking me further to develop a less time complex algorithm.

Can anyone suggest a better approach with lesser time complexity??

Write a method that merges a fixed number of streams containing an infinite sequence of monotonically increasing integers into an output stream of monotonically increasing integers. It is important to note that the input stream are infinite, so any solution based on the length of the streams would be considered incorrect.

Note that the question was given in the context of Java with the below code given as the base contract for the method.

public void merge(List<Stream> inputStreams, Stream outputStream) {
	// Implement me
}

This was also provided as the definition of "Stream" in this case, and not what is defined in java.util.stream.Stream.

interface Stream {
	
	// Retrieves but does not remove the next item from the stream
	int peek();

	// Retrieves and removes the next item from the stream.
	int poll();

	// Puts an item into the stream
	void put(int i);
}

Given a square (n x n) matrix which only contains 0 and
1. Find the minimum cost to reach from left most column to rightmost column.
Constraints/rules:
a. Starting point: You can start from any cell in the left most column i.e. (i, 0) where i can be between 0 and n( number of rows/ columns)
b. Destination: You can reach any cell in the rightmost column i. e ( k, n) where k can be anything between 0 and n.
c. You cannot visit a cell marked with 0.
d. Cost is defined as the sum of cells visited in path.
e. You can move up, down, left and right but not diagonally.

For example,
take 2x2 matrix
1 | 0
1 | 1

One possible path is 00 -- 10 -- 11 with cost 3
Other one is 10 -- 11 with cost 2
so minimum cost on this case is 2.

N cows are standing at the origin on x-axis, each cow has some appetite, in other word hunger index. A cow can sleep of 1 unit of time or eat for one unit of time or move left or move right. There are some vessels placed on the x-axis, they are having infinite supply of fiod. Find minimum time in which all cows appetite would be filled.

Input:
cow Apetitte = {1,1}
Vessle locations = {-1,1}
Answer would be 2 since both cow can go in different direction they would eat for one seconds. One second for moving and one second for eating.

This problem looks to be similar to rotten eggs/tomatoes.

A special palindrome is a palindrome of size N which contains atmost K distinct characters such that any prefix between the size 2 to N-1 is not a palindrome.
You need to count the number of special palindromes
For example, abba is a special palindrome with N=4 and K=2 and ababa is not a special palindrome because aba is a palindrome and its a prefix of ababa.
If N=3, K=3, possible special palindromes are aba, aca, bab, bcb, cac and cbc. So answer will be 6.

Input format
Two integers N and K

Output format
Answer modulo 10^9+9

Constraints
1<=N,K<=10^9

Sample TC
3 3

Output
6

Given a length n, count the number of strings of length n that can be made using ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’ with at-most one ‘b’ and two ‘c’s allowed.

Implement auto complete for IDE, you will be given strings of classes and input, input can be like MVC, MoClick, MouseClickHand
For MouseClickH => MouseClickHandler

MVC => can match to any classes where first word starts from M then V then C

A stream of data representing the price of a commodity is being read. The data is of the format (price:Int, timestamp:Option[Long]).
If the timestamp is missing, it means the price has to be deleted.
If timestamp is old, it means the previous data with same timestamp has to be updated with this new price.
Else it's the new price of the commodity.
At any point of time the latest, max and min of the price has to be printed.
If the delete instruction is received through the stream, the min/max should be updated accordingly.

There are N stations in a certain region, numbered 1 through N. It takes di,j minutes to travel from Station i to Station j (1 ¥leq i, j ¥leq N)$. Note that di,j=dj,i may not hold.
You are now at Station 1. From here, you have to visit all the stations exactly once. We assume that you have already visited Station 1. However, due to your schedule, there are M restrictions that must be satisfied. The format of each restriction is as follows:
• Station si must be visited before Station ti. (1≤i≤M)
Find the minimum time required to visit all the stations. Note that the last station to visit can be any of the stations.
Constraints
• 1≤N≤14
• 0≤di,j≤108 (1≤i,j≤N)
• di,i=0 (1≤i≤N)
• 0≤M≤N(N−1)⁄2
• 1≤si,ti≤N (1≤i≤M)
• si≠ti (1≤i≤M)
• There exists a path visiting all the stations under the given restrictions.
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format: N d1,1 … d1,N : dN,1 … dN,N M s1 t1 : sM tM
Output
Print the minimum time required to visit all the stations.
Sample Input 1
4
0 2 3 4
1 0 3 4
1 2 0 4
1 2 3 0
3
1 2
2 3
3 4
Sample Output 1
9
Due to the restrictions, we can only travel as follows: Station 1 → Station 2 → Station 3 → Station 4. Thus, the answer is 2+3+4=9 and we should print 9.
Sample Input 2
3
0 1 20
1 0 20
10 20 0
0
Sample Output 2
21

You are given an array of length N consisting of integers, a={a1,…,aN}, and an integer L.
Consider the following subproblem:
• You are given an integer S.
• Find the largest value in the interval [S,S+L−1] in the sequence a, that is, find max(aS,…,aS+L−1).
Solve this subproblem for every S=1,…,N−L+1.
Constraints
• 1≤N≤105
• 1≤L≤N
• −109≤ai≤109
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format: N L a1 … aN
Output
Print the answers in N−L+1 lines. The i-th line should contain the answer to the subproblem where S=i.
Sample Input 1
5 3
3 4 2 1 5
Sample Output 1
4
4
5
• The subproblem where S=1 asks the largest value among a={a1,a2,a3}={3,4,2}, so the first line in the output should contain 4.
• The subproblem where S=2 asks the largest value among a={a2,a3,a4}={4,2,1}, so the second line in the output should contain 4.
• The subproblem where S=3 asks the largest value among a={a3,a4,a5}={2,1,5}, so the third line in the output should contain 5.
Sample Input 2
4 1
-1000000000 1000000000 -1000000000 1000000000
Sample Output 2
-1000000000
1000000000
-1000000000
1000000000

There are N rooms in a row. The i-th room (1≤i≤N) from the left is called Room i. You are given M closed intervals [ai,bi] (1≤i≤M). At time 0, all rooms j such that ai≤j≤bi for some i (1≤i≤M) are occupied, and the other rooms are vacant.
You are given Q queries. The i-th query (1≤i≤Q) represents an event happening at time i, as follows:
• In the i-th query (1≤i≤Q), a closed interval [ci,di] (1≤i≤Q) is given.
• This query asks: "Are all rooms j such that ci≤j≤ci" vacant?
• If all those rooms are vacant, the query should be responded by OK, then all rooms j such that ci≤j≤ci get occupied.
• Otherwise, the query should be responded by OK, then nothing happens.
Process these queries.
Constraints
• 1≤N≤109
• 0≤M≤1000
• 1≤ai≤bi≤N (1≤i≤M)
• There are no rooms k such that ai≤k≤bi and aj≤k≤bj at the same time (1≤i<j≤M).
• 1≤Q≤1000
• 1≤ci≤di≤N
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format: N M a1 b1 : aM bM Q c1 d1 : cQ dQ
Output
Print the responses in Q lines. The i-th line should contain the response to the i-th query.
Sample Input 1
5 2
1 1
4 4
3
3 3
2 3
5 5
Sample Output 1
OK
NG
OK
At time 0, Room 1 and 4 are occupied.
• At time 1, a query asks: "is Room 3 occupied?" Since Room 3 is vacant, we should print OK, then Room 3 gets occupied.
• At time 2, a query asks: "are Room 2 and 3 occupied?" Since Room 3 is occupied, we should print NG.
• At time 3, a query asks: "is Room 5 occupied?" Since Room 5 is vacant, we should print OK, then Room 5 gets occupied.
Sample Input 2
1000000000 1
2 999999999
4
1 1000000000
500000000 500000000
1 1
1000000000 1000000000
Sample Output 2
NG
NG
OK
OK

You are given N records. The content of the i-th record is represented by a string Si. These records are managed in pages, as follows:
• The first page: contains the first, ..., K-th records.
• The second page: contains the (K+1)-th, ..., 2K-th records.
• The third page: contains the (2K+1)-th, ..., 3K-th records.
• :
• The ceil(N⁄K)-th page: contains the ((ceil(N⁄K)−1)K+1)-th, ..., N-th records.
Here, ceil(X) represents the smallest integer not less than X. Print the contents of the records contained in the M-th page, in the order given.
Constraints
• 1≤N≤100
• 1≤K≤N
• 1≤M≤ceil(N⁄K)
• 1≤|Si|≤100 (1≤i≤N), where |S| is the length of S.
• Si is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
N K M S1 S2 : SN
Output
Print the contents of the records contained in the M-th page, in the order given. Use L lines, where L is the number of records that should be printed. The i-th line (1≤i≤L) should contain the content of the i-th record contained in the M-th page.
Sample Input 1
5 2 2
aaa
bbb
ccc
ddd
eee
Sample Output 1
ccc
ddd
• The first page contains the first and second records, which are aaa and bbb.
• The second page contains the third and fourth records, which are ccc and ddd.
• The third page contains the fifth record, which is eee.
Since the second page is requested, we should print ccc in the first line and ddd in the second line.
Sample Input 2
7 4 2
this
is
not
displayed
this
is
displayed
Sample Output 2
this
is
displayed

You're given an array of integers sorted ( [1,2,3,5,6,7,10]) you need to serialize and compress this array into a string (1-3, 5-7,10)

Given two points on a directed acyclic graph determine their least common ancestor, give it's time complexity, and describe any improvements you could make (if possible).